The Ministry of Social Affairs has developed the Emergency Medical Services Development Plan 2035 (EMS 2035). EMS 2035 is one of three strategic pillars shaping Estonia’s broader health system reform, which also includes the country’s hospital and primary care development plans.
Under EMS 2035, the emergency medical services system will be organized into four regions to strengthen coordination, ensure consistent service quality, and enhance preparedness for crises and mass casualty events, including chemical incidents. A key priority is to expand EMS crisis reserves and deploy mobile stocks, particularly in remote areas and on islands.
Each region will implement unified quality management, giving all ambulance teams access to tools such as telemedicine consultations, automated decision support systems and structured training. EMS will also be better integrated into patient care pathways, with clearer criteria for medical transport and improved coordination with hospitals, social services, and local authorities. Plans also include improved data exchange and stronger alignment between EMS and broader health and social care planning.
The strategy was co-developed with ambulance providers, including hospitals and private operators. The Estonian Ambulance Association has endorsed the strategy as forward-looking and realistic. Implementation will be overseen by a national steering group and an expert advisory council.